سكيمات عملي العضويه السكشن الثاني
دي بعض الاسكيمات بتاعه السكشن التاني لكن بما اننا لسه مخدناش السكشن فممكن يكون فيها اخطاء كتره انا عملتها بس علشان اللي عليه بكره وعايز يبقي متابع في السكشن
فاللي هينقلها ينقلها في ورق خارجي ويراجعها في السكشن او ينقلها في الكتاب بس بقلم رصاص علشان يقدر يعدل براحته
Scheme Of Formaldehyde
HCHO
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → Pungent Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → Miscible with H2O
- Litmus Paper → Change from blue to red Comment : Acidic compound due to atmospheric oxidation
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Change from white to blue Comment : Aqueous solution
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Non-Smoky So it maybe : Lower aliphatic comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :No Characteristic Observation (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b)Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color
- sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt
3- Salicylic acid test:-- sample + Salicylic acid+ 2 drops of C.H2SO4 on the wall of the test tube → Crimson red
Scheme Of Acetaldehyde
CH3CHO
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → Disagreeable Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → Miscible with H2O
- Litmus Paper → Change from blue to red Comment : Acidic compound due to atmospheric oxidation
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → change from white to blue Comment : aqueous solution
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Non-Smoky So it maybe : Lower aliphatic comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :yellow resin +bad odor Comment : may be aldehyde containing alpha hydrogen (acetaldehyde)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
▐ 1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
▐ 2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3- Na-Nitroprusside test:-- sample + 2 drops of Na-Nitroprusside +10 ml dil NaOH → reddish violet color
4- Iodoform test :- -1 ml sample + 5 ml dil NaOH + iodine solution. ( drop by drop ) → Shake till persistent yellow color → warm in W.B → yellow crystals of iodoform
Scheme Of benzaldehyde
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → bitter almond Odor
4. miscibility
H2O → Immiscible with H2O -heavier
10%NaOH → Immiscible
- NaHCO3 → Immiscible
- dil. HCl → Immiscible
- C.H2SO4 → Immiscible Comment : Neutral comp
general reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :-
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , Smoky So it maybe : may be aromatic compound or highly unsaturated aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → sample +conc H2SO4 +conc HNO3 → yellow oily solution with bitter almond odor Comment :-aromatic compound
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :white ppt (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence. Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X absent S absent N absent
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color 2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3- Formation Of Phenyl hydrazone :-- sample + Phenylhydrazine solution→ Shake for 2 minutes → white ppt. of phenyl hydrazone
4- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
5-oxidation
-0.5 ml of benzaldehyde and 15 ml of saturated KMnO4 solution and 0.5g. of Na2CO3 + conc.HCl+25% sodium sulphite → on cooling benzoic acid crystallies
Scheme Of Chloral hydrateCCl3CH(OH)2
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → solid-crystalline ,hygroscopic
2. Color → white
3. Odor → Pungent Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → soluble in H2O
- Litmus Paper → no change Comment : neutral compound
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Comment :
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance →melt, Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Smoky So it maybe : blly halogenated comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → present +conc.HCl → no effervescence Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold sweety odor of chloroform Comment : cloral hydrate
-on hot
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :oily droplets with sweet odor of chloroform Comment : cloral hydrate
-on hot :
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → oily layer on the surface Comment : cloral hydrate
7. Element test : X ( present) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3-Release of chloroform by alkali:
resorcinol test:
0.7 g of resorcinol+ 2 ml of dil NaOH solution+ 0.2 g of chloral hydrate→heat to boiling, a red color is produced
4- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
Scheme Of Acetone
Physical Characters
1.Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3.Odor →characteristic Odor
4.Miscibility
- H2O → Miscible
- Litmus Paper → No Change Comment :Neutral compound
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Change from white to blue Comment : Aqueous solution
General reaction
1. Dry Heat
-Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
-Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , Non-SmokySo it maybe : Lower aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non met allic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime → Not applied as it's liquid
3. Action Of 30% NaOH → No Characteristic Observation
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescenceComment : Not strong acidic comp
5Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
3- Iodoform test :- -1 ml sample + 5 ml dil NaOH + iodine solution. ( drop by drop ) → Shake till persistent yellow color → warm in W.B → yellow crystals of iodoform
4- Na-Nitroprusside test:-- sample + 2 drops of Na-Nitroprusside +10 ml dil NaOH → red color
Scheme Of benzaphenone
Physical Characters
1.Condition → solid
2. Color → Colorless
3.Odor →characteristic Odor
4.Miscibility
- H2O → insoluble
10%NaOH → insoluble
- NaHCO3 → insoluble
- dil. HCl → Insoluble
- C.H2SO4 → Insoluble Comment : Neutral compound
General reaction
1. Dry Heat
-Change in appearance → melt ,boil , Evaporate
-Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , SmokySo it maybe :aromatic compound or highly unsaturated aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → yellow nitro compound Comment : aromatic compound
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non met allic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold No Characteristic Observation
-on hot No Characteristic Observation
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :white ppt (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescenceComment : Not strong acidic comp
5Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → NO Magenta red color
Formation Of Phenyl hydrazone
- sample + Phenylhydrazine + Acetic acid → Shake for 2 minutes → white ppt. of phenyl hydrazone
المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة ameer
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