ERYTHROMYCIN
**TRADE NAME**
Ocu-Mycin®,
Erythromycin is an antibiotic in the class of antibiotics known as macrolide antibiotics which also includes azithromycin (Zithromax, Zmax) and clarithromycin (Biaxin).
**MECHANISM OF ACTION**
Erythromycin, like all macrolide antibiotics, prevents bacterial cells from growing and multiplying by interfering with their ability to make proteins while not affecting human cells.
**Indications and Usage for Erythromycin**
For the treatment of superficial ocular infections involving
the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by organisms
susceptible to Erythromycin.
For prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum due to
N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis.
دا مرض بييجي لبيبي مولود ما كملش شهر
وهوا بيظهر علي هيئه احمرار في الملتحمه ......
For cases of
conjunctivitis caused by a gonococcus
(the bacteria that causes gonorrhea), a physician may prescribe an injection
of ceftrixone and a topical antibiotic ointment containing erythromycin
or bactracin to be applied four times daily for 2–3 weeks.
For chlamydial infections, a topical antibiotic ointment containing
erythromycin may be prescribed to be applied 1–2 times daily
**CONTRAINDICATION**
This drug is contraindicated in patients
with a history of hypersensitivity to Erythromycin
** Dosage and Administration**
In the treatment of superficial ocular infections,
a ribbon approximately
1 cm in length of Erythromycin Ophthalmic Ointment
should be applied directly to the infected structure
up to 6 times daily, depending on the severity of the infection
**Serious side effects**
are not expected to occur during treatment with this medication
Commonly,
some eye burning,
stinging,
irritation, itching,
redness, blurred vision,
or sensitivity to light may occur
**Storage**
at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees; do not freeze
معلومه كدا علي الماشي عن استخدام الايريثروميسين في مستحضرات تانيه.......
Bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae are resistant to erythromycin alone and must be treated with a combination of erythromycin and adequate doses of sulfonamides.
***لا اله الا أنت سبحانك اني كنت من الظالمين***
جزاكى الله كل خييييييييييييييييييييييييير الموضوع ممتاز
ءان شاء الله متابعين
لما أرجع من الصيدلية بإذن الله أكمل قراءة المشاركات اللى فاتتنى ..
متابعين يوجينا .. شكراً ع الموضوع ..
جزاااااكم الله خيرا شرح ممتع بجد وان شاء الله متابعه معاكى للاخر لان ده هيفيدنى اوى اوى
بعتذر عن التأخير اليومين اللي فاتوا.....
نظرا لظروف صحية كدا,,,,,,,,الحمد لله
باذن الله هكمل النهارده بعد الصيدليه
وشكرا ليكي يا نوني منورة يا ريت تضيفي معايا من خبراتك
شكرا دكتور ياسر علي المتابعه....
وجزاكي الله مثله
والله انا مبسوطه بيكي جدا يا هند لانك لسه داخله تانيه و الحمد لله استفدتي
GENTAMICIN
Antibiotic/Aminoglycoside
**Mechanism of Action**
Inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria
by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits, causing bacterial cell death
**Stability**
Gentamicin ophthalmic preparations should be
stored at temperatures below 40°C
**Spectrum**
Gentamicin is active against many
aerobic gram-negative bacteria
and some aerobic gram-positive bacteria
Gentamicin is inactive against
fungi, viruses, and most anaerobic bacteria
**Indications**
superficial ocular infections
**Contraindications**
fungal diseases (ophthalmic)
hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides
**Dosage and Administration**
Gentamicin sulfate is applied topically to the eye
in the form of
a solution or ointment containing 0.3% gentamicin
For the treatment of superficial infections
of the eye caused by susceptible bacteria
1 or 2 drops of gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic solution
may be instilled into the infected eye every 4 hours
In severe infections,
up to 2 drops every hour may be used
Alternatively, a small amount of the ointment
may be placed into the conjunctival sac 2 or 3 times daily
taking care to avoid contamination of the tip of the ointment tube
OVERDOSAGE:
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
**Interactions**
Drugs with nephrotoxic potential
(eg, amphotericin, cephalosporins, enflurane, methoxyflurane, vancomycin):
May increase risk of nephrotoxicity
Loop diuretics:
May increase risk of auditory toxicity
Neuromuscular blocking agents:
May enhance effects of these agents
Polypeptide antibiotics:
May increase risk of respiratory paralysis and renal dysfunction
**INCOMPATIBILITIES**
Do not mix beta-lactam antibiotics
(eg, penicillins, especially ticarcillin and carbenicillin, cephalosporins) in IV solutions
**Adverse Reactions**
Gentamicin have low order of toxicity
commercially available gentamicin preparations contain
other ingredients such as
parabens
which may also cause
allergic contact dermatitis
If irritation or hypersensitivity occurs during topical
gentamicin therapy,
gentamicin should be discontinued
Transient irritation,
burning,
or a stinging sensation has occurred
occasionally
following topical application of gentamicin ophthalmic preparations
Rarely,
increased redness and lacrimation have been reported
**Precautions**
Pregnancy: Category C
دي شرحتها قبل كده
Children: Use cautiously in premature infants
and neonates because of renal immaturity
Elderly or debilitated patients: Drug levels
and renal function must be monitored closely
Neuromuscular blockade: Potential curare-like effects
may aggravate muscle weakness or cause neurotoxicity
Use with caution with anesthesia or muscle relaxants;
in patients with neuromuscular disorders
hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia;
and in neonates whose mothers received magnesium sulfate
Sulfite sensitivity: Some products contain sulfites.
"Do not use if there is history of hypersensitivity
**Toxicity**
Drug is associated with significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Use with particular caution in patients with renal impairment and elderly patients
-----------------------------
PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS
-----------------------------
**Storage**
I.... Do not premix with any other drugs; administer separately
II... For topical use, cleanse affected area of skin before applying ointment
III.. For ophthalmic use, have patient tilt head back,
place medication in conjunctival sac, and instruct patient to close eyes
IV.. Apply light finger pressure on lacrimal sac for 1 min after instillation
**Patient/Family Education**
For ophthalmic use, instruct patient in proper technique for instilling
drops or ointment, emphasizing importance
of avoiding contact between dispensing container and eyes
Inform patient that drug may cause temporary
blurring of vision or stinging after administration
Caution patient to avoid exposure to sunlight and to use sunscreen
or wear protective clothing to avoid photosensitivity reaction
*
اسفه مره تانيه علي التأخير ولو سمحتوا أي حد استفاد من الموضوع ..... يدعيلي
Gatifloxacin
**Presentation**
Gatiflox 0.3% eye drops: Gatiflox 0.3% eye drops is a sterile ophthalmic solution
Gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution is used to
treat bacterial conjunctivitis
(pinkeye; infection of the membrane that covers the outside
of the eye balls and the inside of the eyelids).
Gatifloxacin
is in a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones
(third generation and may be some referances consider it as 4th generation).
It act like the second generation of quinolone but with
greater activity on gram positive bacteria
Gatiflox 0.3% eye drops
is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria
Corynebacterium propinquum
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria
Haemophilus influenzae
**طريقة استخدامه**
Days 1 and 2 :
Instill one drop every two hours in the affected eye(s)
while awake, up to 8 times daily
Days 3 through 7 :
Instill one drop up to 4 times daily while awake
What side effects can this medication???
red, irritated, itchy, or teary eyes
blurred vision
فاكيد لازم ننصح المريض انه بعد مايستعمل القطرة ما يسوقش عربيه لو كان سواق او لايعمل أي عمل يحتاج الى دقة في النظر
,eye pain ,eye discharge ,
swollen eyelids
broken blood vessels in the eyes ,
headache ,
unpleasant taste
**Contraindications**
Gatifloxacin eye drops is contraindicated in patients with
a history of hypersensitivity to Gatifloxacin, to other quinolones
**Overdosage**
An overdose of this medication is unlikely to threaten life
**Storage**
Store at 15°-25°C and protect from freezing
هذا الدواء تم سحبه من الصيدليات الأمريكية والكندية (اقصد الحبوب والحقن) وحاليا فقط يستعمل على شكل القطرات في هاتين الدولتين, ولحد الان امان هذا الدواء لكبار السن او النساء الحوامل او الاطفال او ممن لديهم امراض اخرى لم يثبت او لاتوجد دراسات كافية عليه
Antibiotic gatifloxacin (Tequin) pulled from market
A Canadian study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in March 2006 claims Tequin(Gatifloxacin) can have "life threatening" side effects including serious diabetes.Followed by distribution of a letter dated February 15 by Bristol-Myers Squibb to health care providers indicating action taken with the FDA to strengthen warnings for the medication.Subsequently it was reported on May 1, 2006 that Bristol-Myers Squibb would stop manufacture of Tequin, end sales of the drug after existing stockpiles were
exhausted
What happened
The antibiotic Tequin, the subject of concerns about side effects, is being taken off the market
Although manufacturer Bristol-Myers Squibb is pulling the
drug gatifloxacin (Tequin), current stocks of the antibiotic are still available.
However, no additional gatifloxacin will be made from the original manufacture
Gatifloxacin is in a class of popular broad-spectrum antibiotics called
fluoroquinolones.
The antibiotic has been linked to fluctuations in blood sugar
severe enough to require hospitalization. Other adverse effects,
including kidney failure and liver problems, have led
to the withdrawal or restriction of several other drugs from the same
class of antibiotics
التعديل الأخير تم بواسطة yojeena ; 24-07-2009 الساعة 06:59 PM
Ciprofloxacin
الاسم التجاري
Ciprodar
محتويات القطره
Each 1 ml contain
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
Equivalent to ciprofloxacin ………………. 3 mg
Benzalkonium chloride solution ……………..0.012%v/v
**Pharmacological action of this drug**
The primary antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin is believed to
involve inhibition of bacterial D.N.A gyrase
the enzyme responsible for introducing negative supercoils into bacterial D.N.A
This lead to disruption of D.N.A structure & death bacteria
Ciprofloxacin also damage cell membrane lead to loss of cellular contents.
السبرودار هو مضاد بكتيري واسع الطيف يستخدم لمعالجة الاصابات البكتيريه للعين
**Antibacterial spectrum**
Gram +positive
staph.aureus ,
staph. epidermidis ,
streptococcus pneumonia ,
Gram _negative :
haemophilus influenza ,
pseudomonas aeruginosa ,
serratia marcescens ..
وايضا العديد من انواع البكتريا
تستخدم هذه القطرات لمعالجه كلا من :
1.الالتهاب البكتيري للملتحمه conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis caused by
haemophilus influenza , staph. aureus , staph. Epidermidis
2. للتقرحات في القرنيه corneal ulcers
Corneal ulcer caused by
pseudomonas aeruginosa ,
,serratia marcescens ,
staph. aureus ,
staph. Epidermidis
**طريقة استعمال هذه القطره**
لمعالجة التقرحات في القرنيه
بتختلف الجرعه من يوم اليوم الاول بتبقي الجرعه عاليه و بتقل تدريجيا
في اليوم الاول,,,
2 قطره في العين المصابه كل 15 دقيقه اول 6 ساعات
بعدها قطرتين في العين المصابه كل 30 دقيقه فيما تبقى من وقت لليوم الاول
في اليوم الثاني,,,,,
2 قطره في العين المصابه كل ساعه
في اليوم الثالث والرابع,,,,,,,,,
2 قطره في العين المصابه كل اربع ساعات
اما طريقة استخدام القطره لمعالجه التهاب الملتحمه
قطره الى قطرتين كل ساعتين لمدة يومين
قطره الى قطرتين كل اربع ساعات لمدة خمسة ايام
اما عن استخدامها للحامل والمرضع
لاتوجد دراسات كافيه حول استخدامها للحوامل والمرضعات
اما عن استخدام القطره للاطفال
فعاليه وامان هذه القطرات للاطفال المرضى تحت السنة الواحدة لا توجد معلومات كافيه
**نصائح للمريض**
تجنب ملامسة القطاره للعين او لاي سطح خارجي
كما هو الحال مع الادويه الاخرى المضاده للالتهاب
فان استخدام الطويل الامد قد يؤدي الى
نمو مفرط في للميكروبات الغير حساسة والتي تشمل الفطريات ....
ينبغي وقف المعالجة بالمستحضر والبحث عن العلاج البديل
**نصيحه للطبيب**
يجب ايقاف استعمال الدواء عند ظهور اولى علامات الطفح الجلدي او اي اشارات اخرى داله على الحساسية
لا اله الا انت سبحانك اني كنت من الظالمين