The answer
1-Chloroform is used for extraction of all alkaloids except the quaternary bases e.g. tubocurarine beacause the quaternary bases are more soluble in water than in organic solvents.
2- a) Protoalkaloids
*Simple amines, or biological, amines.
* Nitrogen atom is not in a heterocyclic ring.
* Basic in nature.
* e.g. Mescaline, ephedrine and N,N-
dimethyl tryptamine
b) Pseudo alkaloids
* Not derived from amino acids.
* very weak in its basic characters.
* e.g. steroidal alkaloids (conessine)
and the purine bases (caffeine).