Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → Pungent Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → Miscible with H2O
- Litmus Paper → Change from blue to red Comment : Acidic compound due to atmospheric oxidation
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Change from white to blue Comment : Aqueous solution
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Non-Smoky So it maybe : Lower aliphatic comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :No Characteristic Observation (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b)Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color
- sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt
3- Salicylic acid test:-- sample + Salicylic acid+ 2 drops of C.H2SO4 on the wall of the test tube → Crimson red
Scheme Of Acetaldehyde
CH3CHO
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → Disagreeable Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → Miscible with H2O
- Litmus Paper → Change from blue to red Comment : Acidic compound due to atmospheric oxidation
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → change from white to blue Comment : aqueous solution
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Non-Smoky So it maybe : Lower aliphatic comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :yellow resin +bad odor Comment : may be aldehyde containing alpha hydrogen (acetaldehyde)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
▐ 1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
▐ 2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3- Na-Nitroprusside test:-
- sample + 2 drops of Na-Nitroprusside +10 ml dil NaOH → reddish violet color
4- Iodoform test :- -1 ml sample + 5 ml dil NaOH + iodine solution. ( drop by drop ) → Shake till persistent yellow color → warm in W.B → yellow crystals of iodoform
Scheme Of benzaldehyde
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3. Odor → bitter almond Odor
4. miscibility
H2O → Immiscible with H2O -heavier
10%NaOH → Immiscible
- NaHCO3 → Immiscible
- dil. HCl → Immiscible
- C.H2SO4 → Immiscible Comment : Neutral comp
general reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :-
- Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , Smoky So it maybe : may be aromatic compound or highly unsaturated aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → sample +conc H2SO4 +conc HNO3 → yellow oily solution with bitter almond odor Comment :-aromatic compound
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non me tallic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold Not applied
-on hot Not applied
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :white ppt (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence. Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X absent S absent N absent
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color 2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3- Formation Of Phenyl hydrazone :-- sample + Phenylhydrazine solution→ Shake for 2 minutes → white ppt. of phenyl hydrazone
4- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
5-oxidation
-0.5 ml of benzaldehyde and 15 ml of saturated KMnO4 solution and 0.5g. of Na2CO3 + conc.HCl+25% sodium sulphite → on cooling benzoic acid crystallies
Scheme Of Chloral hydrate
Physical Characters :-
1. Condition → solid-crystalline ,hygroscopic
2. Color → white
3. Odor → Pungent Odor
4. Miscibility :
- H2O → soluble in H2O
- Litmus Paper → no change Comment : neutral compound
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Comment :
General Reactions :-
1. Dry Heat :
- Change in appearance →melt, Boil , Evaporate
- Degree Of Inflammability → Non-inflammable , Smoky So it maybe : blly halogenated comp.
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → present +conc.HCl → no effervescence Comment : Non me tallic comp.
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold sweety odor of chloroform Comment : cloral hydrate
-on hot
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :oily droplets with sweet odor of chloroform Comment : cloral hydrate
-on hot :
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescence Comment : Not strong acidic compound
5. Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → oily layer on the surface Comment : cloral hydrate
7. Element test : X ( present) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2-Reduction:-
a)reduction of ammonical silver nitrate:- t 3 ml of silver nitrate solution + few drops of dil. NaOH solution + Add dil. ammonia solution drop by drop until the formed ppt. of silver oxide is almost redissolved. → add few drops of the aldehyde →heat on a water bath → A silver mirror or black ppt. is formed.
b) Fehling test:-- Reagent : Fehling A + Fehling B ( equal amounts ) → deep blue color - sample + Na2CO3 solution + drops of Fehling solution → boil in W.B → green solution turns to red ppt.
3-Release of chloroform by alkali:
resorcinol test:
0.7 g of resorcinol+ 2 ml of dil NaOH solution+ 0.2 g of chloral hydrate→heat to boiling, a red color is produced
4- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
Physical Characters
1.Condition → Liquid , Mobile
2. Color → Colorless
3.Odor →characteristic Odor
4.Miscibility
- H2O → Miscible
- Litmus Paper → No Change Comment :Neutral compound
- Anhydrous CuSO4 → Change from white to blue Comment : Aqueous solution
General reaction
1. Dry Heat
-Change in appearance → Boil , Evaporate
-Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , Non-SmokySo it maybe : Lower aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → Not applied
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non met allic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime → Not applied as it's liquid
3. Action Of 30% NaOH → No Characteristic Observation
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescenceComment : Not strong acidic comp
5Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → Magenta red color
2- Addition Of Na-bisulphite
- sample + Na-bisulpite solution → shake and scratch with glass rod → white ppt
3- Iodoform test :- -1 ml sample + 5 ml dil NaOH + iodine solution. ( drop by drop ) → Shake till persistent yellow color → warm in W.B → yellow crystals of iodoform
4- Na-Nitroprusside test:-
- sample + 2 drops of Na-Nitroprusside +10 ml dil NaOH → red color
Physical Characters
1.Condition → solid
2. Color → Colorless
3.Odor →characteristic Odor
4.Miscibility
- H2O → insoluble
10%NaOH → insoluble
- NaHCO3 → insoluble
- dil. HCl → Insoluble
- C.H2SO4 → Insoluble Comment : Neutral compound
General reaction
1. Dry Heat
-Change in appearance → melt ,boil , Evaporate
-Degree Of Inflammability → Inflammable , SmokySo it maybe :aromatic compound or highly unsaturated aliphatic compound
- Nitration Test → yellow nitro compound Comment : aromatic compound
- Odor produced → No change
- Residual Ash → Absent Comment : Non met allic compound
2. Action Of Sodalime →
-on cold No Characteristic Observation
-on hot No Characteristic Observation
3. Action Of 30% NaOH →
-on cold :No Characteristic Observation
-on hot :white ppt (canizaro reaction)
4. Action Of NaHCO3 → No effervescenceComment : Not strong acidic comp
5Action Of FeCl3 → No Characteristic Observation
6. Action Of C.H2SO4 → No Characteristic Observation
7. Element test : X ( absent ) N( absent ) S( absent )
Special Tests :-
1- Schiff's test:-- sample + Schiff's reagent → Shake well → NO Magenta red color
Formation Of Phenyl hydrazone
- sample + Phenylhydrazine + Acetic acid → Shake for 2 minutes → white ppt. of phenyl hydrazone
سكيمات عملي العضويه السكشن الثاني
